Apparatus for washing dishes, silverware, and the like



Nov. 22, 1938. D. E. YoHEM 2,137,971

APPARATUS FOR WASHING DISHES, SILVERWARE. AND THE LIKE Filed April 5, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 22, 1938. D. E. YocHEM 2,137,971

APPARATUS,y FOR WASHING DISHES, SILVERWAEE, AND THE LIKE Filed April 3Q 1957 4 sheets-sheet 2 w ma I; Gnome/1.1

Nov. 22, 1938. D. E. YocHl-:M 2,137,971

APPARATUS FOR WASHING DISHES, SILVERWARE, AND THE LIKE Filed April 3, 19.57 4 SheefS-Sheet 3 @Nicam/.144

Nov? 22, 1938. I D, E YOCHEM 2,137,971

APPARATUS FO WASHING DISIA'IES, SILVERWARE, AND THE LIKE Filed April 3, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Nov. 22; 1938 UNITED STATES APPARATUS FOR WASHING DISHES SILVERWARE, AND THE LIKE Donald E. Yochem, Columbus, Ohio Application April 3, 1937, Serial No. 134,911

11 Claims.

s and the like, with suicient force and at a proper angle to completely cleanse the same.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a single liquid impelling unit which is so constructed and arranged that all points throughf out the interior of a compartment in which dishes, or thelike, may be arranged will fall within the eiective treatment area of the impelled fluid and will be uniformly subjected to the action thereof.l

A still further purpose of the invention is to provide dish .and silverware supporting means which will position said objects relative to iluid impelling means in such a manner that the various surfaces of the different, conventionally- -shaped objects will be properly arranged for efdciently subjecting the same to treatment by the iiuid. K

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specication and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the dish and silverware washing, rinsing, and drying apparatus Aembodying this invention;

Figure 2 is a top plan View of the machine disclosed in Figure 1 with the cover removed;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional View taken on line 3 3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 4 4 of Figure 2;

Figure 5 isa transverse sectional View illustratingthe action of the impeller device in projecting uid at a high velocity and in a iinely atomized condition so that all portions ofthe interior oi the compartment or housing will fall within the eiective range of the impelled fluid;

Figure 6 is a detail horizontal sectional view taken on line 6--6 of Figure 4;

Figure 7 is a detail vertical sectional view taken on line I'I of Figure 6; and

Figure 8 is a detail perspective view of a cup 5 supporting tray or shelf. which forms a part of the dish and silverware supporting rack, disclosed in detail in Figures 2, 3, and 4.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown the preferred embodiment 10 of this invention, the reference character I0 desgnates in its entirety the main body portion of the washing machine housing. This main body portion is open at its top and is closed by the removable cover II.

Referring particularly to the main body portion IIJ of the housing, the bottom wall of the same is formed by any aluminum casting I2 having an upstanding marginal ange I3. Extending longitudinally ofthe bottom I2.is a shallow trough I4 which is adapted to cooperate with an impeller unit in a manner to be described at a later point. At the junction between one longitudinal edge of the trough i4 and the adjacent flat bottom wall, an upstanding longitudinally extending ange I5 is provided. Figures 3 and 6 disclose this flange I5 as terminating at its opposite ends short of the marginal ange portions I3 which are located at the opposite ends of the aluminum casting I2. The terminating of the ends of the upstanding iiange I5 short of the ends of the bottom casting provides openings I6 at the opposite ends of the trough which establish communication between the trough and the side of the bottom casting lying laterally of the upstanding flange I5. Figure 4 clearly illustrates the fact that the remaining side of the bottom casting I2 has unobstructed communication with the trough I4.

The upstanding flange I5 functions to maintain a proper relationship between the impeller and defiector blades to effect efficient' uid dispersion; to prevent iiuid from flowing on or against the movable impeller blades and thereby interfering with the action of said bladesA to effect proper uid dispersion; and to limit the return flow of the fluid which has accumulated in the bottom of the housing to the left of the iiange I5 (see Figures 4 and 5) to the trough for reuse at the end portions only of the latter.

At the opposite ends of the bottom casting I2, integral upstanding extensions I'I are formed on the casting. These extensions II carry bearing bosses I8 in which is journaled the impeller shaft, to be described at a later point. Figures 3, 6, and

7 disclose a drain opening I3 at one end of the trough I4. I'his drain opening is normally closed by a hinged cover 2D which is sealed against the outer surface of the casting by means of the packing or gasket ring 2|. A suitable latch 22 is provided fcr clamping the cover 20 against the end surface of the housing wall to prevent leakage of liquid through the drain opening I9. It will be appreciated that with the cover 20 unlatched and raised, the entire interior of the housing maybe fiushed out and drained for the purpose of rethe side wall 24, at one end of the housing, is a connection 25 by means of which Suitable cleaning and rinsing fluid may be admitted to the interior of the housing. 'I'he same end wall of the housing is provided with an overflow cock 26 which is located on the opposite side of the trough I4 from the location of the inlet connection 25. The position of the overflow outlet 26 is v ery important for it is to be arranged at an elevation which will prevent lling of the housing with a cleaning or rinsing fiuid to a level above that shown in Fig. 4 which would submerge the impeller shaft, to be described at a later point. The position of the inlet 25 is optional although it preferably should be arranged at a higher level than the overflow outlet 26. "Ihis inlet connection 25 should be of such construction that a hose, or the like, may be attached thereto at one end and connected to a hot water spigot at its other end. The overfiow outlet determines the charging level for the fluid when the impeller unit is not in operation. This level drops when the impeller unit is operating, due to the volume of the fluid which is in motion within the housing and the operating level is shown in Fig. 5.

Figure 4 discloses the cover II as having al channel 21 formed at its marginal edge. A suitable'packing gasket 26 should be cemented or otherwise secured within the channel 21. By positioning the cover II with the channel 21 and gasket 28 receiving the upper edge of the side wall 24 of the bottom of the housing, a seal will be effected between the top and bottom portions of the housing. By inspecting Figures 1,4, and 5, it will be seen that the cover II is formed with a top wall 29 so shaped to most eiilciently cooperate with the dishes, and the like, which are to be arranged within the housing. A suitable handle 30 is mounted on the top wall 29 of the cover foi` facilitating removal of the latter from the main body I0 of the housing.

The mechanism disclosed for impelling a finely atomized iiuid at high velocity in such a manner that the fluid particles will be forcefully delivered against the surfaces of dishes, and the like, arranged in different portions of the housing, has been developed as a result of much experimental work. It has been determined that many dimensionsare critical. The particular shape and arrangement of the various elements of the impeller unit also have been found to be extremely important. The essential features of construction and mode of operation of this impeller mechanism will now be described.

Extending longitudinally of the trough I4 is an impellershaft 3| which has its opposite end portions journaled in the bearing bosses. I8. Figure 6 discloses the extremity 3Ia of the impeller shaft as projecting outwardly of the housing for connection with the electric motor 32 which is disclosed in Figures 1, 2, and 3. This electric motor 32 is suitably fastened to the shelf portion 33 of a bracket which is provided with the mounting lugs 34, adapted to be suitably secured to the bottom of the casting I2 in the manner best illustrated in Figure 4. An upstanding flange 35 also is provided on the motor mounting bracket and engages the outer end wall of the housing, as best shown in Figures 1 and 3.

Figures 4 and 6 illustrate the impeller shaft 3| as being positioned olf-center with respect to the trough I4. In other words, the axis of the impeller shaft 3l is located closer to the edge of the trough I4 which is provided with the upstanding flange I5. A series of impeller Wheels 36 are mounted on the impeller shaft 3I with their hub portions properly keyed to the shaft.| The spacing of these impeller wheels is considered to be very important. It has been determined that they must be spaced from approximately 1/2 of an inch to approximately 1V; inches from each other and that the best results are obtained when they are spaced approximately 1 inch apart, i. e., with impellers approximately 3 inches in diameter and rotating about 3500 revolution per minute. With this size impeller rotating at about the designated speed, the peripheral speed of the impeller will be approximately 2750 feet per minute. Figure 4 illustrates one of these impeller wheels. It is to be understood that all of the impeller wheels are of like construction. The impeller disclosed in Figure 4 is formed with four blades 31 which are curved longitudinally. The shaft with these impeller wheels is to be rotated in a clockwise direction, as Viewed in Figure 4. The impeller shaft should be mounted so that the extremities of the blades 31 clear the inner bottom surface of the trough I4 by approximately 1% to 1A of an inch. The extremities of the blades 31 should clear the inner surface of the upstanding flange I5 by approximately of an inch. These dimensions have been found to be critical.

Arranged between each adjacent pair of impeller Wheels 36 is a fixed deflector blade 36. By an inspection of Figure 4, it will be seen that each of these deflector blades is formed with a horizontally arranged shelf portion 33 at the inlet side of the trough. From the horizontal shelf 39, the blade is curved downwardly and upwardly at 40 to terminate in an upstanding, inwardly curved, end portion 50. Figure 4 discloses the fact that the curved portion 40 of each deflector blade is not concentrically arranged with respect .to the trough I4. This curved portion 40 also is eccentrically arranged with respect to the axis of the impeller shaft .3I. The curved portion 40 of each deflector yblade 38 is spaced above the bottom Wall of theltrough approximately 1/2 an inch at the vertical center of the impeller Wheels 36. The impeller blades 31, therefore, dip down beneath the curved portions 40 of the fixed deflector blades. At the sides where the blades enter and leave the spaces between the fixed defiectors 38, the extremities of the impeller blades 31 approximately registe with the fixed deectors. That is, the extremities of the impeller blades 31 do not project beyond the fixed deector blades 38 at the points where the impeller blades enter and leave the spaces between the fixed deilectors.

In Figures 4, 6, and 7, the outer ends of the horizontal shelf portions 39 of the xed deflector blades are illustrated as being countersunk in the surface of the casting, as illustrated at 5I. This countersinking of the deflector blades arranges their top surfaces flush with the top surface of the bottom wall casting I2. Figures 4 and 6 disclose the upstanding flange I5 at the discharge side of the trough as being provided with notches' or countersunk portions 52 which receive the curved portions of the deector blades 38 to assist in supporting and maintaining these blades in fixed positions with respect to the impeller blades 31. It will be understood that the xed deilector blades 38 are suitably secured in their positions at points 5I and 52.

The action of the impeller blades 31 and deilector blades 38 in projecting the fluid placed in the housing has been observed under strong light rays through transparent walls of lan experimental housing. The action of the impeller mechanism will be described as follows:

. Figure 4 illustrates the fact that a very low level of liquid is maintained in the housing. As an' indication of the extremely small amount of Water required to permit eillcient operation of this impelling mechanism, the bottom of the housing measures approximately 20 inches in length and 16 inches in width. The height of the housing, including the cover, is approximately 16 inches. A housing of this size, with the rack illustrated for supporting the dishes, will receive the normal amount of dishes for a family of ve/or six. Only about one gallon of fluid is needed in a housing of this size. The motor 32,V employed for driving the impeller shaft 3|., should`be of a high speed type. It has been determined that motor speeds ranging from 1,750 to 3,500 R. P. M. are satisfactory. The most eflcient speed has been determined to be from 3,000 to 3,500 revolutions per minute. With the low liquid level maintained and the high rate of rotation of the impeller shaft, it will be appreciated that the fluid will be projected at a high velocity and in a very finely atomized condition. This action distinguishes materially from a fluid splashing action which is employed in practically all forms of dish-washing machines now on the market.

Figure 5 illustrates the action of the impeller mechanism for projecting the iluid. It has been determined that the impeller blades 31 will deliver fluid through but little more than half the interior of the housing. The range of delivery of fluid by the impeller blades 31 is illustrated in Figure 5 as extending from the point 53 on the adjacent side wall 24 of the housing to the point 54 on the top or cover of the housing. 'Ihls point 54 is located slightly beyond a vertical plane extending through the axis of the impeller shaft 3|. It will be seen that the Water,

or other fluid, projected by the impeller blades 31 will travel approximately in straight lines which are tangential of the path of travel of the impeller blades 31.

By extensive experimental work, it has been found that the i'lxed deflector blades 38 will cooperate with the movable impeller blades 31 ffor eiecting a delivery of fluid from 'the point 54 to approximately the point 55 which is located at the bottom wall of the housing just to the arrow lines, employed for indicating the movement of fluid between the points 54 and 55, are intended to illustrate the fact that the water projected by the iixed deflector blades 38 travels through curved paths. This movement of the water, or other fluid, is not produced as a. result of the pull of gravity. The fluid discharged from the ilxed deflector blades 38 travels with approximately the same velocity and is atomized to approximately the same extent as the Water actually projected from the ends of the impeller blades 31. It will be noted that the upwardly curved end portion 50 .of the deflector blades 38 is pointed substantially at the point 54. This curvature or angle of projection of deflector portion 50 is very important for it causes the water projected from the fixed deectors 38 to start its range of action at approximately the point where the range of action of the impeller blades 31 stops.

It is, of course, very apparent that the impeller blades 31 dip fluid from the trough I4 and project the fluid tangentially outwardly between the points 53 and 54. As the water, or other fluid, is expelled from the trough I4 by the impeller blades 31, more water flows into the trough from the bottom of the housing on both sides of the trough. The water from the right-hand side of the housing body is permitted to flow into the trough throughout the length of the latter.`

I'he uid from the left-hand side of the housing bottom is permitted to enter the trough at the ends of the latter or through the portions I8 where the upstandingvflange I5 has been omitted. It is very obvious that thehigh speed of rotation of the impeller blades 31 Will create a. low pressure or suction zone during their travel from the point where the fluid is expelled from the same to the point where they are again supplied with iluid. This low pressure area or zone materially influences the movement of iluid occupying the space between the points 54 and 55 and causes the iluid discharged from the xed deflector blades 38 to travel in the arcuate paths indicated. This low pressure or suction produced by the movable impeller blades 31 also causes the fluid in the bottom of the housing and positioned to the right of the trough I4, as viewed in Figure 5, to be sucked into the trough. Of course, the level of the iluid on both sides of the trough I4 is materially lowered while the impeller unit is in operation. This is due to the fact that a large quantity of fluid is being dispersed throughout the interior of thehousing. It has been observed that during rotation of the impeller blades, only a comparatively shallow illm of water` or other lluid, is maintained on the bottom of the trough I4.

It would appear that the water delivered by the llxed deflector blades 38 reaches the blades as a result of the action of the impeller blades 31 in creating low pressure areas between the paths of rotation of the impeller blades or in the zones occupied by the xed deflector blades.

water,or other fluid, is delivered to the curved portions 40 of the deflector blades 38 as a result of axial movementof water from the impeller blades 31 to the spaces between adjacent pairs of impeller wheels. This axial movement of water from the blades 31 is known as side slip and is a well recognized principle of aeroand hydro-dynamics.

A rack structure for supporting dishes, silverware, and the like has been scientifically designed to take full advantage of the particular paths of movement of iluid in the two sides or portions of the housing which receive the fluid from the impeller blades 31 and the deector blades 38. This rack structure will be described as follows:

Figures 2, 3, and 4 clearly illustrate the bottom of the rack as consisting of a single wire strand 56 which is shaped in plan to correspond with the horizontal sectional shape of the bottom casting I2 and is of proper length and width to nicely t within said casting. 'Ihe end portions of this base or bottom strand of the rack are curved or bowed upwardly at 51 to clear the end projections I1 formed on the bottom casting I2 for supporting the-bearing bosses I8.

A suitable number of strands Vof wire 58 is provided for permitting spacing of the same approximately 3 inches apart throughout the entire length of the rack. These strands of Wire 58 are properly bent to form dish receiving troughs 59 which are arranged in parallelism with respect to each other and are inclined outwardly or laterally with respect to the perpendicular. This angular arrangement of the troughs 59 results in supporting the type of dish indicated at 60 at a proper angle to cause all surfaces of the same to fall within the effective treatment range of the fluid'expelled by the impeller blades 31. 'I'he lower ends of all of the strands of wire 58 are suitably we lded or brazed to the bottom or base strand 56 at the points 6I. A suitable number of longitudinally extending bracing strands 62 are provided for maintaining the various strands 58 in proper parallelism withl respect to each other. The upper ends of all of the strands 58 are interconnected by one o f the bracing strands 62, as best illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4. Extending between each end portion of the base strand 56 and its overlying strand 58 is an upstanding brace arm 63 which reinforces the Various strands 58 which form the dish receiving troughs 59.

At the opposite side of the housing, the rack consists of a suitable number of wire strands 64 arranged in parallelism and spaced approximately 3 inches apart, which strands are properly shaped to form the stepped bowl supporting shelves 65. These strands 64 are connected at their bottom ends to the base or bottom forming strand 56 of the rack, as at 66. The various strands 64 v4are reinforced and braced by a suitable number of longitudinally extending strands 51. The upper extremities of all of the strands 64 are interconnected by an arched strand 61a, supported in a manner to be described at a later point, as best illustrated in'Figures 2, 3, 4, and 8.

The end strands for the bowl shelves 65 are of different construction than the remaining or intermediate strands 64 and are best illustrated in Figures 4 to 8. Starting from each end of the base strand 56, a strand 69 extendsiupwardly to the bend 69a and then downwardly in the two angularly arranged portions B and 80a. From the bottom of the portion 80a, the strand extends laterally in the plane of the inner shelf 65 and is welded or brazed at its extremity 80h to the vertical portion of strand 69. The outer shelf portion is formed by a strand 64a lwhich follows the contour of the strands 64 up to the strand 69 to which it is brazed or welded, as at 64b. 'I'he reinforcing and bracing' strands 61 tie the end forming strands to the intermediate strands. 64 in the manner best illustrated in Figure 8. The ends of the arched strands 61a are brazed or welded to the angles formed by the portions 8b and 80a, as at 61h.

It will be noted by inspecting Figure 4 that the bowls 68 are supported in stepped relation transversely of the housing by the shelves 65. The inner shelf is located lower than the outer shelf. These shelves are inclined transversely of the rack so that they will support the bowls 68 in a manner to cause them to lean laterally outwardly or so that the planes of their mouths will be inclined outwardly. The inclination, however, should not be so extreme as to result in lateral tipping of bowls of average or ordinary shape. This manner of supporting the bowls 68 is such that the iluid discharged from the xed deector blades 38 and traveling through curved paths will effectively treat all surfaces of the bowls.

A series of relatively closely spaced, parallel, wire strands extend between and are suitably brazed or welded to the longitudinal strands 62` and 61 which are secured to the strands 58 and 64, respectively, just inwardly of the upper extremities of these last mentioned strands. The location of these strands 10 is clearly illustrated in Figures 2, 3, and 4. These strands 10 collectively form a shelf for glasses. This shelf slopes laterally for the purpose of causing water to drain from the depressions 1I usually provided in the bottoms of the glasses 12. The glasses should be placed upon the shelf formed by the strands 10 in an inverted condition so that the water expelled from the impeller blades 31 will readily reach the interior of the glasses.

Positioned above the lower bowl supporting shelf 65 is a cup receiving shelf 14 which is formed by a plurality of strands 15. Each one of these strands is bent around the arched strand 61a to form a hinge 16 for the cup shelf. The various cup shelf strands are interconnected and braced by the longitudinally extending strands 11, 18, and 19. The strand 19 is suitably connected to the outer ends of all of the parallel strands 15. The longitudinal strand 18 engages at its opposite ends the bends 69a which function as supports for the hinged shelf 14 to locate the latter in its operative position. It will be noted that this operative position of the shelf` 14 will support cups 8| so that water will be drained from any depressions formed in the bottoms of the cups. It is necessary to hinge this cup supporting shelf 14 so that it vmay be thrown into an inoperative position, above the glass supporting shelf 10, to permit bowls 68 to be removed from and placed on the lnner'bowl receiving shelf 65. By comparing the disclosures of Figures 4 and 5, it will be appreciated that the cups 8|.are positioned so that they will receive water from both the impeller blades 31 andthe xecl deector blades 38. In other words, the cups 8I are located approximately at the point 54.

Intermediate the ends of the glass shelf, a wire mesh basket 82 is secured. This basket is intended to `receive silverware and is so shaped that it tapers downwardly. This tapering of the silverware basket will permit the outer ends of silverware placed therein to spread or fall apart for causing the treatment fluid to more easily and eectively reach all of the surfaces of the said silverware.

The mode of operation of this dish and silverware washing, rinsing, and drying machine will now be described in detail.

The dish and silverware supporting rack is, of course, separately made so that it may be removed from the housing to facilitate cleaning the interior of the housing and the rack. After the rack is placed within the housing and the dishes and silverware to be cleaned are placed within and upon the proper troughs and shelves, respectively, water of suitable temperature may be supplied to the compartment or interior of the housing through the inlet connection 25. During feeding of water to the housing, the outlet or overflow spigot 26 should be left open. The feeding of hot water to the housing should continue until it starts running out of the overflow 26. The feeding of water then should be stopped and the overflow 26 closed. A suitable amount of soap powder, or the like, should then be placed in the water positioned within the housing. After supplying the soap powder, the cover I I should be positioned and the electric motor 32 started. A'

-and silverware, the way the fluid is directed, and

the manner in which the dishes are supported in relation to the uid paths, the various objects will be thoroughly cleansed of all edible substances left thereon. During demonstrations .of this machine, it has been determined that food substances, such as egg yolks, stewed tomatoes, dried milk lm, and the like, even if left to harden for two or three days, will be quickly and completely removed from the surfaces of the dishes and silverware when subjected to the action of the water dispersed by the impelling mechanis of this machine.

After the objects have been properly cleaned, the trap door 2|! should be opened for completely draining the washing fluid and food particles from the interior of the housing. After the housing is thoroughly drained, the trap door 20 should be closed and properly latched. Clean rinsing uid should then be supplied to the interior of the housing through the inlet 25. The overflow spigot 26 should be employed for accurately determining the height to which the rinsing fluid is permitted to rise. After a proper .amount of rinsing fluid, such as hot water,`is supplied to the housing, the impeller mechanism should againv be operated for a very short period of time. The dishes and silverware will be thoroughly rinsed when subjected to the rinsing fluid which, of

course, will be projected throughout the entire interior of the housing in the same manner as that described above in connection with the cleansing or washing fluid. f

It may be found desirable to accomplish rinsing with a continuous flow of rinsing fluid. For such a continuous rinse, the uid is permitted to enter the inlet 25 while the impellers are rotating, and the excess uid will be discharged through the overflow s'pigot 26 which-is left open for that purpose. Since the rinsing process requires but a few seconds, there will be required but a relatively small amount of additional fluid for each continuous rinse. After the dishes and silver-A ware are thoroughly rinsed, the rinse water may be drained from the housing by means of the trap door 20.

With all of the rinse Water removed from the.

housing, the impeller unit may be operated for a short period of time to thoroughly dry the dishes and silverware. The impeller mechanism will create a circulation of air throughout theinterior of the housing which will effect this drying. It has been determined by observation of the machine during a drying operation that the drying air is impelled or projected in the same manner as the washing and rinsing fluid.

It is to be understood that' the form of this invention herewith shown and Vdescribed is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or scope of the subjoined claims. l

Having thus described the invention, I claim:

1. A dish and silverware washing, rinsing, and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, an impeller shaft journaled in the housing above said trough, a. series of axially spaced impeller wheels having longitudinally curved blades fixed to said shaft, the blades being of proper length to dip into said trough, a flxed deector blade extending transversely of the trough between each adjacent pair of impeller wheels and terminating in an upwardly curved end portion at the discharge side of the impeller wheels, means for supplying the housing with a treatment fluid to a level below the impeller shaft, and means for rotating said impeller wheels at high speed to cause fluid from the bottom of the housing to be expelled at high velocity and in afinely atomized condition from the ends of the impeller blades and the upwardly curved ends of the defiector blades.

2. A dish and silverware washing, rinsing, and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, rotatable means including a plurality of axially spaced blades arranged to dip into the trough for impelling fluid from said trough at a high velocity and in a finely atomized condition throughout a portion of the interior of said housing extending from the discharge side of the trough, and fixed deector means extending between adjacent Ablades arranged to dip into said trough for impelling uid from said trough at a high velocity and in a nely atomized condition throughoutl a portion of the interior of said housing extending from the discharge side of the trough, i'lxed deector elements extending transverselyv of the trough between adjacent blades to cooperate with the rotatable means for directing uid from the trough at a high velocity and in a nely atomized condition throughout the remainder of the inj,

terior of said housing, and means for supporting objects in both of the said portions of the housing with the surfaces of the objects which are to be treated positioned at an angle to the direction of travel of the fluid.

4. A dish and silverware washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, rotatable means for impelling fluid from said trough at a high velocity and in a finely atomized condition throughout a portion of the interior of said housing extending from the discharge side of the trough, means cooperating with the rotatable means for directing fluid from the trough at a high velocity and in-a finely atomized condition throughout the remainder of the interior of said housing, and a rack for supporting objects in both of the said portions of the housing with the surfaces of the objects which are to be treated positioned at an angle to the direction of travel of the fluid, said rack comprising a series of dish troughs extending longitudinally of the portion of the housing supplied with fiuid by said rotatable means and arranged at such an angle to the perpendicular as to cause the fluid from said rotatable means to treat all surfaces of dishes arranged on said troughs, a series of bowl shelves extending longitudinally of the portion of the housing supplied with fluid by said cooperating means and arranged at such an angle to the perpendicular as to cause the fluid from said cooperating means to treat all surfaces of bowls arranged on said shelves, and glass and cup shelves extending longitudinally of the upper central portion of the housing and arranged at such angles to the perpendicular as to cause the fluid impelled by the rotatable means and the cooperating means to treat all surfaces of glasses and cups arranged on said shelves.

5. A dish and silverware washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, an impeller shaft journaled in the housing above said trough, a series of axially spaced impeller Wheels having longitudinally curved blades fixed to said shaft, the blades being of proper length to dip into said trough, a fixed deflector blade extending transversely of the trough between each adjacent pair of impeller wheels and terminating in an upwardly curved end portion at the discharge side of the impeller wheels, an upstanding longitudinally extending flange positioned at the edge of the discharge side of the trough and terminating short of both end walls of the housing, said flange restricting return ow of fluid from the portion' of the bottom of the housing located on the discharge side o f the trough to the opposite end regions of the trough, said fixed defiector blades being in part supported on and held in proper spaced relation by said flange, means for supplying the housing with a treatment fluid to a level below the impeller shaft, and means for rotating said impeller wheels at high speed` to cause fluid from the bottom of the housing to be expelled at high velocity and in a finely atomized condition from the ends of the impeller blades and the upwardy to dip into said trough, a fixed deflector blade extending transversely o f the trough between each adjacent pair of impellerwheels and terminating in an upwardly curved end portion at the discharge side of' the impeller wheels, said housing to be supplied with a treatment fluid to a level below the impeller shaft while `the impeller is inoperative, and means for rotating said impeller wheels at high speed to cause fluid from the bottom of the housing to be expelled at high velocity and in a finely atomized condition from the ends of the impeller blades and the upwardly curved ends of the deflector blades.

'1. A dish and silverwarev washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, an upstanding flange on the bottom wall of the housing shaped and arranged as a continuation of one side of the trough, an impeller shaft journaled in the housing above said trough, a series of axially spaced impeller wheels having longitudinally curved blades fixed to said shaft, the blades being of proper length-to dip into said trough, a fixed defiector blade extending transversely of the trough between each adjacent pair of impeller wheels and terminating in an upwardly curved end portion at the discharge side of the impeller wheels, means for supplying the housing with a treatment uid to a level below the impeller shaft, and means for rotating saidA impeller wheels at high speed -to cause fluid from the bottom of the housing to .be expelled at high velocity and in a finely atomized condition from the ends of the impeller blades and the upwardly curved ends of the defiector blades.

8. A dish and silverware washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, an upstanding flange on the bottom wall of the housing shaped and arranged as a continuation of one side of the trough 'and being of less length than and centrally arranged with respect to said trough to provide fluid return openings to the trough, an impeller shaft journaled in the housing above said trough, a series of axially spaced impeller wheels having longitudinally curved blades fixed to said shaft, the blades being of proper length to dip into said trough, a fixed defiector blade extending transversely of the trough between each adjacent pair of impeller wheels and terminating in an upwardly curved end portion at the discharge side of the impeller wheels, means for supplying the housing with a treatment fluid to a level below the impeller shaft, and means for rotating said impeller wheels at high speed to cause the fluid from the bottom of the housing to be expelled at high velocity and in a finely atomized condition from the ends of the impeller blades and the upwardly curved. ends of the deflector blades.

9. A dish and 4silverware washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, an impeller shaft journaled in the housing` above said trough, a series of axially spaced impeller wheels having longitudinally curved blades fixed to said shaft, the blades being of proper length to dip into said trough, a fixed deflector blade -extending transversely of the trough between each adjacent pair of impeller wheels and terminating in an upwardly curved end portion at the discharge side of the impeller wheels, means for supplying the housing with a treatment fluid to a level below the impeller shaft, means for rotating said impeller wheels at high speed to cause fluid from the bottom of the housing to be expelled at high velocity and in a finely atomized 15 condition from' the ends of the impeller blades and the upwardly curved ends of the deflector blades, andv means associated with thev side of the trough where the impeller blades withdraw from the same constructed and arranged to prevent return flow of fluid into the trough in a manner to interfere with the dispersion of fluid by said blades. t

10. A dish and silverware washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, an impeller shaft journaled in the housing above and in an eccentric relation with respect to said trough, a series of axially spaced impeller wheels having longitudinally curved blades fixed on said shaft, the blades being of proper length to dip into said trough, a series of fixed deector blades extending transversely of the trough in an elevated relation with respect to the bottom of the p trough and being located one between each adjacent pair of impeller wheels, said deector blades terminating in upwardly curved end portions located above the axis of rotation of the impeller shaft and with the direction of curvature determining the direction of discharge of treatment uid from said blades, and means for rotating the impeller shaft at a high speed tol cause the impeller blades to project treatment fluid at high velocity and in a flnely atomized condition from the ends of the impeller'blades and ilxed deector blades.

11. Adish and silverware Washing, rinsing and drying machine comprising a housing having a shallow trough in the bottom wall thereof, a

pellers, said deector blades being shaped and supportedin a manner to extend through the trough and upwardly therefrom' to direct the fluid received by the blades at a high velocity and in a finely atomized condition to the portion of the housing not receiving fluid directly from the impellers.

DONALD E.- YOCHEM. 

